Restoring Masonry Buildings: A Comprehensive Guide To Preservation And Safety - Part One
Authored by Paul Dudkowski, AIA
There are many benefits to a well-maintained building such as adding to the property value, extending the building’s lifespan, and aesthetics. However, as buildings age, the effects of weather, pollution, and other environmental factors can take a toll on the building envelope’s structural integrity and aesthetic appeal. Brick masonry restoration is the process of reviving and preserving structures, ensuring they stand the test of time. In this three-part in-depth guide, we'll explore the critical importance of maintaining good masonry in historic buildings, common issues and deficiencies, identification methods, and proactive strategies for restoration and preservation.
Masonry encompasses a wide range of construction materials, including brick, stone, clay tile and mortar, each with unique characteristics and challenges. Preserving these structures is not only about maintaining a weather tight envelope and their aesthetic appeal but also about protecting the building’s history.
Key Considerations in Repairing Masonry:
Historical Assessment: Before any repair work begins, a comprehensive historical assessment is performed to understand the construction methods, materials used, and the overall architectural significance of the building.
Matching Materials: Finding materials to match the original is a critical aspect of masonry repair. The masonry and mortar should replicate the color, texture, and composition of the existing materials.
Replicating Techniques: Repair work should match the construction techniques of the building's original construction. In some cases, it may be necessary to utilize lime mortar to repoint.
Structural Stabilization: Addressing structural issues is crucial for the long-term stability of masonry. This may involve reinforcing foundations, replacing ferrous anchors, compromised lintels and other load-bearing elements, and addressing issues such as settling.
Repointing: Repointing is a common masonry repair technique that involves raking deteriorated mortar and replacing it with new mortar matching the existing type. This will improve the structural integrity, provide a better waterproof exterior surface, and improve the overall appearance of the masonry.
Weather and Environmental Considerations: Masonry repairs should consider the local climate and environmental conditions. Certain areas may require additional weatherproofing or protective coatings to mitigate the impact of harsh weather on the restored structure.
The Importance of Repairing Masonry:
Water Infiltration: Water can compromise the structural integrity of the building, leading to issues such as efflorescence, mold growth, and decay. Repairs are necessary to prevent water infiltration and ultimately the deterioration of the masonry system.
Pieces Becoming Dislodged: Loose masonry and mortar is in danger of becoming dislodged which poses a safety concern for occupants and the public.
Structural Damage: Deteriorating masonry can result in structural damage. This can manifest as cracks, bulges, or shifts in the building's structure.
Damage to Interior Finishes: Poor masonry can lead to interior damage, affecting finishes such as plaster, drywall, and paint. This not only compromises the aesthetics but also requires additional repairs if left unattended. In older buildings the interior plaster and painted surfaces could be asbestos containing materials or have traces of lead which could further put the building’s occupants at risk.
Interior Standing Water: It is important for a building owner to maintain a healthy indoor environment. Mold, mildew, and bacteria thrive in damp and deteriorating environments which can pose serious health hazards, leading to respiratory issues and other illnesses. This may become a concern if the building envelope is allowing water to penetrate and this now standing water is not properly removed quickly.
